Mould Exposure and Health: What You Need to Know

Biological pollutants, including mould (fungi), amplify in the built environment where there is poor ventilation or water ingress. Mould growth in indoor environments poses a complex challenge affecting both the structural integrity of buildings and the health of their occupants.

How Mould Affects Indoor Environments

Once sufficiently established, mould begins the rapid production of spores as part of its lifecycle, contaminating air and surfaces. These spores can also support allergen-causing dust mite populations, further compounding indoor air quality issues.

Health Implications of Mould Exposure

The health implications of mould exposure to both spores and mould fragments (hyphae, detritus) can range from mild allergic reactions to severe respiratory and immunological responses:

• Allergic reactions: Sneezing, itchy eyes, skin irritation
• Respiratory effects: Airway inflammation, asthma exacerbation
• Immune sensitisation: Development of sensitivities over time
• Mycotoxin exposure: Some moulds produce mycotoxins that can lead to more serious health problems

Vulnerable Populations

Certain groups are particularly susceptible to mould-related health effects:

• Children and infants
• Elderly individuals
• Immunocompromised persons
• Those with existing respiratory conditions
• Patients in healthcare settings

In severe instances, specific genera of mould can lead to exposure-specific diseases such as Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis, and Histoplasmosis.

When to Consider Testing

If your home or workplace has an odd odour, visible mould growth, or a history of water damage, we recommend getting your air quality or surfaces tested for mould spores and growth. Early identification allows for targeted remediation before problems escalate.

Building owners and employers should be particularly aware of the negative health effects that mould and other microbial pollutants can have on vulnerable population groups within their premises.